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聯合國《千禧發展目標》報告2011揭示:最脆弱的兒童仍然備受忽略

2011-07-07

Aqual comforts her six-month-old grandson, whose height is being measured, at a UNICEF-supported malnutrition clinic in the town of Kuajok, capital of Warrap State in Southern Sudan. The boy and his twin sibling are among more than 300 malnourished children currently being treated at the clinic. The children and their grandmother, their sole caretaker, have come to Kuajok from Khartoum, the countrys capital. They are among some 14,700 people who were displaced during the civil war and have returned to the area following the January referendum. The twins, who each weighed only 4.7 kilogrammes when they first arrived in Kuajok, now each weigh 5.3 kilogrammes. From 9 to 16 March 2011, UNICEF Goodwill Ambassador Mia Farrow and UNICEF Goodwill Ambassador (United Kingdom) Martin Bell visited Southern Sudan to raise awareness on issues affecting children and their families at this historic juncture. The visit comes two months after the landmark January 2011 referendum in Southern Sudan, which overwhelmingly endorsed the creation of an independent country for the region. The new nation is slated for creation on 9 July this year. The referendum was part of the 2005 Comprehensive Peace Agreement ending the civil war, which killed two million people, displaced four million, and decimated social services. The situation of children and women in the region remains critical: One of every seven children dies before age five, and one in six Southern Sudanese women dies from pregnancy-related causes. Only an estimated 10 per cent of children are fully vaccinated, and fewer than half of all children have completed five years of primary education. Millions of people continue to be affected by insecurity, including in Western Equatoria State, which borders the Democratic Republic of the Congo. From there, rebels from the Ugandan Lords Resistance Army (LRA) are continuing to attack, abduct and rape villagers on both sides of the border. Additionally, the Abyei area, which straddles disputed territory between northern and southern parts of Sudan, is also experiencing fighting. Ms. Farrow and Mr. Bell visited the Abyei area, where they met with children and women displaced by recent clashes. In Western Equatoria, they visited a transit centre for children rescued from the LRA, primary and maternal health care facilities and a support site for people affected by HIV/AIDS. In Warrap State, they also met with families who had been displaced during the civil war and were returning home. In Juba, capital of Southern Sudan, they met with government officials and representatives from UN, NGO and other partners.

纽约/日内瓦/香港,2011年7月7日——联合国今天发表《千禧发展目标》报告2011,赞扬各方已朝着目标迈进了一大步。报告亦指出,要各项目标同时取得成功,先决条件是必须所有儿童,不论性別、种族、地理位置和家庭收入,同样受惠于目标进程。然而,目前世界上最贫困的儿童仍然备受外界忽略,因此要在2015年底前达成所有目标,仍然存在困难。
2009年的5岁儿童死亡数目,已由1990年的1,240万逐步下降至810万,不过,生活在最贫困环境的儿童,在改善营养及生存方面的进展依然是大幅落后的。在2009年,在发展中国家,有接近1/4的儿童出现体重过轻的问题,其中最贫困儿童的情况是最为严峻的,他们的死亡风险相较来自发展中国家其他富裕家庭的儿童,足以高出2倍。而在推动教育方面,报告指出,部份最贫困的国家已见取得重大进展,以蒲隆地、马达加斯加、卢旺达、萨摩亚、圣多美与普林希比共和国、多哥和坦桑尼亚等地为例,纷纷都已成功或接近达到基础教育普及化。不过,儿童能否成功入学,始终多取决于他们的自身状况。一般而言,家境贫困、女性或居住在受冲突影响地区的儿童,会较大机会失学。根据报告数字,现时全球有2800万名年届小学适龄的儿童,仍未入学,约佔总适龄儿童数目42%,而他们都是生活在饱受冲突困扰的贫困国家的。
此外,在1990年至2008年间,全球估计有达11亿居住在城镇的人口和7亿2,300万居住在偏远地区的人口能享用净化过的食水,可见行动亦已取得一大进展。只是报告亦透露,各地的发展进度其实並不一致,各国甚至在国内的不同地区,发展速度仍都差距悬殊。要促进全球均衡发展,势必加倍努力。
 

A teacher watches as a boy, at the head of a queue of small children, washes his hands with soap and chlorine-treated water at a hand-washing station at Ecole Joyeux Lutins in Port-au-Prince, the capital. A tent classroom is visible behind them. The school, with support from UNICEF, was rebuilt as a semi-permanent structure after the original building was destroyed in the earthquake. Nearly 130 quake-proof, semi-permanent schools (serving more than 30,000 children) have been built in the capital with UNICEF assistance. From 7 to 8 June 2011, international golf star Rory McIlroy, in his first visit as a UNICEF National Ambassador for Ireland, travelled to Haiti to draw attention to the ongoing needs of children and families as a result the devastating January 2010 earthquake, and to view UNICEF-supported programmes. The quake killed 220,000 people and destroyed vital infrastructure; nearly 18 months after the disaster, over 810,000 people remain displaced. The situation is exacerbated by a cholera outeak that has killed more than 5,000 people and sickened over 291,700. Mr. McIlroy met with quake-affected children and families and visited UNICEF-supported programme sites in and around Port-au-Prince, the capital. He visited a rebuilt school, where he participated in a hygiene education session on the importance of proper hand-washing to prevent the spread of cholera; a health and nutrition clinic providing cholera treatment services in addition to information on proper nutrition and feeding, health check-ups and growth-monitoring; and a child-friendly space providing a safe play environment for nearly 200 children. UNICEF supports more than 1,000 cholera prevention and treatment facilities throughout the country, and is rehabilitating water systems in Port-au-Prince and in vulnerable rural areas and distributing cholera prevention supplies in schools. UNICEF is also helping to build child-friendly, earthquake-proof schools; supporting over 350 child-friendly spaces providing safe play areas for more than 94,000 children daily; and is supporting nutrition screenings and other services for children and nutrition training for paediatric staff. A United Nations consolidated appeal for US $915.3 million, launched November 2010 to provide essential humanitarian assistance in the country, remains largely unfunded: Just 24 per cent of the requested funds have been received to date. UNICEFs portion of the appeal is US $124.8 million. Mr. McIlroy was appointed a UNICEF Ambassador in March of this year.
On 4 May, a woman exits a shower stall at the Danane 2 camp for people displaced by the conflict, in Danane, a town in Dix-Huit Montagnes Region. An estimated 800 people continue to live in the camp because of continued insecurity in their home areas. The stalls bear the UNICEF logo. By 5 May 2011 in Côte dIvoire, hundreds of thousands remain displaced by the violence that erupted after the 28 November 2010 presidential election. More than 320,000 people fled the country during the conflict, and many more were displaced within the country. Fighting abated after the 11 April arrest of former president Laurent Gbagbo, allowing international humanitarian operations to resume in many conflict-affected areas, and the security situation continues to improve. Still, lingering instability including reports of increasing sexual violence and harassment by armed men has delayed the return of many refugees and internally displaced people. Many hospitals and health facilities have been unable to operate properly, lacking essential drugs, equipment and staff, and millions lack access to sufficient food and water. On 16 April, for the first time since November, UNICEF was able to airlift 32 metric tonnes of medical, nutritional, educational, water and sanitation supplies into the country, and on 26 April, the Minister of Education ordered schools to reopen. With partners, UNICEF is also providing safe drinking water where needed; distributing fortified biscuits to children and pregnant and lactating women; screening children for malnutrition; conducting a back-to-school campaign aimed at a million children; conducting a polio vaccination campaign targeting 700,000 children; and conducting a measles vaccination campaign targeting 1.5 million children. UNICEF also continues to assist Ivorian refugees in surrounding countries. The Emergency Humanitarian Action Plan for Côte dIvoire and neighbouring countries requires US$160 million, only 20 per cent of which has been funded to date. UNICEFs portion of the appeal is US$17 million.

报告同时指出,先进衞生设备往往与穷乡僻壤擦身而过,即使一地的整体生活水平获得改善,贫苦的一群大多未能分享进展成果,例如,1995年至2008年期间,在南亚地区最贫困的4成人口中,提升衞生设施的覆盖率几乎毫无突破。而现时逾26亿活在最贫穷地区的人口仍然缺乏厕所或其他较先进的衞生设施。

联合国于20009月召开的千禧年高峰会,首度通过8大国际性的《千禧发展目标》,以期在2015年底前消灭贫穷饥饿、改善健康及教育状况、促进两性平等,及确保可持续环境等。

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